Obesity
Read the text below and answer question
OBESITY
Is it a disease or a lifestyle problem?
Obesity is a serious health problem in the United States and
increasingly around the world. Costs and associated
diseases continue to increase. Recent studies into the
causes of obesity indicate that the problem is more
complex, and may have less to do with “willpower” and other
such issues, than previously thought. Many obesity experts
hope this research will help physicians and others rethink
the way they understand and treat the problem. Skeptics,
however, continue to blame inactivity and overeating for
obesity. While the World Health Organization (WHO) and
others call for a reduction in sugar consumption to combat
obesity, the food industry says it is being unfairly targeted.
The planet’s population is getting fatter. Once a problem
largely confined to high-income regions, overweight and
obesity are on the rise in low- and middle-income
countries. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), obesity has more than doubled worldwide since
1980. In 2014 more than 1.9 billion adults (39 percent of
Earth’s adult population) were overweight. That includes
600 million who were obese.
Among children, overweight and obesity are increasing
more than 30 percent faster in lower-and middle-income
countries than in developed countries. In 2013, 42 million
children under the age of 5 worldwide were overweight or
obese.
Disponível em:
http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqr_ht_o
besity_2015. Acessado em 15 de outubro de 2015.
Read the text below and answer question
OBESITY
Is it a disease or a lifestyle problem?
Obesity is a serious health problem in the United States and
increasingly around the world. Costs and associated
diseases continue to increase. Recent studies into the
causes of obesity indicate that the problem is more
complex, and may have less to do with “willpower” and other
such issues, than previously thought. Many obesity experts
hope this research will help physicians and others rethink
the way they understand and treat the problem. Skeptics,
however, continue to blame inactivity and overeating for
obesity. While the World Health Organization (WHO) and
others call for a reduction in sugar consumption to combat
obesity, the food industry says it is being unfairly targeted.
The planet’s population is getting fatter. Once a problem
largely confined to high-income regions, overweight and
obesity are on the rise in low- and middle-income
countries. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), obesity has more than doubled worldwide since
1980. In 2014 more than 1.9 billion adults (39 percent of
Earth’s adult population) were overweight. That includes
600 million who were obese.
Among children, overweight and obesity are increasing
more than 30 percent faster in lower-and middle-income
countries than in developed countries. In 2013, 42 million
children under the age of 5 worldwide were overweight or
obese.
Disponível em:
http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqr_ht_o
besity_2015. Acessado em 15 de outubro de 2015.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão: Interpretação de texto em Inglês, com foco em dados estatísticos e identificação de ideia principal.
Explicação do tema: Em provas de vestibular e concursos, a compreensão de leitura exige que você identifique as informações centrais e saiba diferenciar dados explícitos de interpretações incorretas. O texto sobre obesidade apresenta dado estatístico, discussão de causas, abrangência internacional e opiniões divergentes.
Justificativa da alternativa correta (C):
A alternativa C) afirma que “a obesidade é um problema americano, mas não limitado a ele”. O texto inicia destacando que o problema é sério nos Estados Unidos, mas enfatiza o crescimento mundial: “Obesity is a serious health problem in the United States and increasingly around the world.” Também reforça o aumento em países de baixa e média renda e cita estatísticas mundiais, evidenciando que não é exclusivo dos EUA. Assim, interpretar ideia global é fundamental: sempre busque no texto se o fenômeno relatado é local, regional ou mundial.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) “confined to the wealthy who eat too much”: Errada! O texto nega exclusividade dos ricos; menciona crescimento em países pobres.
B) “affects exclusively people who overeat sugar”: Incorreta! O texto cita açúcar, mas não limita a obesidade ao seu consumo.
D) “can affect adults and children at age 5 or older”: Falsa! Cuidado com a pegadinha: menciona 42 milhões de crianças abaixo de 5 anos com sobrepeso/obesidade.
E) “struck more than half the world’s population in 2014”: Errada. O dado correto é 39% dos adultos; não chega à metade. Atenção à armadilha dos números absolutos vs. percentuais.
Estratégias recomendadas: Destaque palavras como “increasingly around the world”, “low- and middle-income countries”, e números percentuais para selecionar respostas. Fique atento a generalizações (“exclusively”, “confined”) e faixas etárias nos dados.
Resumo: Use leitura atenta para comparar o que está explícito no texto com o que cada alternativa propõe. Desconfie de generalizações e de alternativas que distorcem dados estatísticos.
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