Cellular agriculture
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?
Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than
today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the
environment could be severe. Just feeding that population
using current methods is problematic.
On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than
corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry
world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land
— and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the
environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat
production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like
corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from
pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is
equally perilous.
Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular
agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume
from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach,
the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need
to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production
on an industrial scale.
The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a
scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory
than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin
for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically
engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture
cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been
pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef,
chicken, fish — even coffee.
To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years
of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it
has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses:
taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t
have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown
version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in
creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering
this approach are working diligently to make their products
tasty.
The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly
limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for
transplant using the method. But it is still early days.
Adaptado de: <https://earth911.com/business-policy/cellular-agriculture/> Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2018.
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?
Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.
On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.
Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.
The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.
To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.
The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.
Adaptado de: <https://earth911.com/business-policy/cellular-agriculture/>
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão:
O tema aborda interpretação textual em língua inglesa, focando em compreensão de informações explícitas do texto sobre “agricultura celular” (cellular agriculture).
Destacando o conceito:
Agricultura celular refere-se a uma tecnologia capaz de “cultivar” alimentos, como carne e peixe, a partir de culturas celulares, sem necessidade de criação convencional de animais ou plantas. Ou seja, cresce-se comida, célula por célula, em laboratórios e indústrias — conforme destacado no texto, ao afirmar: “cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell”. Esse trecho é o dado-chave para a resolução.
Justificativa da alternativa correta – B) can grow food from a culture:
A alternativa B está correta pois resume com precisão como funciona a agricultura celular: produzir alimentos a partir de culturas (de células). A estratégia eficiente aqui envolve buscar no texto palavras-chave como “grows”, “culture” e “cell by cell” para identificar o conceito central.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) could damage the environment.
Errada. Pelo texto, a agricultura celular surge justamente como solução para reduzir o impacto ambiental da produção alimentar tradicional.
C) is a brand new technology.
Incorreta, pois o texto ressalta que os métodos não são novos, dando exemplos como insulina e fermentação para fabricação de pão e queijo.
D) gets its meat from living animals.
Errada. O texto explicita que não há necessidade de “colher” carne de animais vivos; os tecidos são “cultivados”.
E) hinders environment conservation.
Incorreta, pois a proposta da agricultura celular é exatamente o oposto: ajudar a conservar o meio ambiente.
Estratégias de prova e pegadinhas:
Atenção às palavras de generalização como “brand new” ou “hinders”. Tais termos muitas vezes tornam a alternativa extrema ou oposta ao texto. Foque em palavras-chave no texto e evite inferências baseadas em senso comum.
Resumo final:
A alternativa B) can grow food from a culture é a correta porque traduz de forma exata o processo e a proposta da agricultura celular, conforme explicitado no texto.
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