Consider the following statements:
I. Learning a language in a natural environment is similar to learning it in a traditional classroom.
II. Traditionally, learning a language in the classroom means focusing on the language itself, that is, its
grammar and vocabulary.
III. Communicative instruction environments focus on using the language.
IV. In communicative instruction environments, learners´ mistakes are often corrected.
According to the text:
Texto 1
Most people would agree that learning a second language in a natural acquisition contexto or “on the street” is not the
same as learning it in the classroom. Many believe that learning “on the street” is more effective.The traditional
instruction environment is one where the language is being taught to a group of second or foreign language learners. In
this case, the focus is on the language itself, rather than on information which is carried by the language. The teacher´s
goal is to see to it that the students learn the vocabulary and grammatical rules of the target language. The goal of
learners in such courses is often to pass an examination rather than to use the language for daily communicative
interaction. Communicative instruction environments also involve learners whose goal is learning the language itself,
but the style of instruction places an emphasis on interaction, conversation, and language use, rather than on learning
about the language. The topics which are discussed in the communicative instruction environment are often topics of
general interest to the learner. In these classes, the focus is not selected on the basis of teaching a specific feature of
the language, but on teaching learners to use the language in a variety of contexts. Students´ success in these courses
is measured in terms of their ability to “get things done” in the second language, rather than on their accuracy in using
certain grammatical features.
(How Languages Are Learned, Oxford University Press, 1998)
Gabarito comentado
Alternativa correta: D — Only statements II and III are correct.
Tema central: leitura crítica de texto (reading comprehension) — identificar ideias principais e inferir o que o autor afirma ou nega. É essencial localizar palavras-chave (ex.: "rather than", "focus", "measured") e comparar enunciados com o que o texto diz literalmente.
Resumo teórico: textos expositivos apresentam contraste entre conceitos. Procure frases que explicitem propósito (teacher's goal, students' success) e conectivos que marcam oposição (rather than). Use leitura seletiva para confirmar ítems das alternativas.
Por que D é a resposta certa?
II é correta porque o texto afirma claramente que, no ambiente tradicional, “the focus is on the language itself… The teacher's goal is…students learn the vocabulary and grammatical rules”.
III é correta porque o texto descreve o ensino comunicativo como com ênfase em “interaction, conversation, and language use… teaching learners to use the language in a variety of contexts”.
Análise das alternativas incorretas
I — incorreta. O texto inicia justamente dizendo que aprender “on the street” is not the same as learning in the classroom; portanto afirmar que são semelhantes contradiz o enunciado.
IV — incorreta. O texto não diz que, em ambientes comunicativos, os erros são frequentemente corrigidos. Pelo contrário, mede-se o sucesso pela capacidade de “get things done” rather than by accuracy — isto sugere menor ênfase na correção de formas gramaticais. Logo, não há suporte para afirmar que a correção de erros é comum nesses ambientes.
Dicas estratégicas para provas:
- Leia primeiro as alternativas para saber o que buscar no texto.
- Atente a contrastes marcados por “rather than”, “instead”, “not”.
- Exija evidência direta no texto — se a alternativa extrapola sem suporte, marque como errada.
- Palavras como “often”, “always” e “frequently” exigem cuidado: o texto precisa respaldar esse grau.
Fonte consultada: How Languages Are Learned, Oxford University Press (1998) — trechos citados como base para as respostas.
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