Read the article “The Olympic Games”, to answer question.
The Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games were originally a festival, or celebration of and
for Zeus; later, events such as a footrace, a javelin contest, and wrestling matches
were added. The Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions among
representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of ancient Greece.
They were held in honor of Zeus, and the Greeks gave them a mythological origin.
The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC. They continued to be celebrated
when Greece came under Roman rule, until the emperor Theodosius I suppressed
them in AD 393 as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as the State religion of
Rome. The games were held every four years, or olympiad, which became a unit of
time in historical chronologies.
During the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes
could travel from their cities to the games in safety. The prizes for the victors were
olive leaf wreaths or crowns. The games became a political tool used by city-states to
assert dominance over their rivals. Politicians would announce political alliances at
the games, and in times of war, priests would offer sacrifices to the gods for victory.
The games were also used to help spread Hellenistic culture throughout the
Mediterranean. The Olympics also featured religious celebrations. The statue of Zeus
at Olympia was counted as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Sculptors
and poets would congregate each olympiad to display their works of art to would-be
patrons.
The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn
Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot
owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek citystate and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the
officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games
only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held
at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the
modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats
chronicled for future generations.
Available at:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games> . Access on: 23 mar. 2018.
The previous text does not contain information to answer the following question:
Read the article “The Olympic Games”, to answer question.
The Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games were originally a festival, or celebration of and for Zeus; later, events such as a footrace, a javelin contest, and wrestling matches were added. The Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of ancient Greece. They were held in honor of Zeus, and the Greeks gave them a mythological origin. The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC. They continued to be celebrated when Greece came under Roman rule, until the emperor Theodosius I suppressed them in AD 393 as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as the State religion of Rome. The games were held every four years, or olympiad, which became a unit of time in historical chronologies.
During the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their cities to the games in safety. The prizes for the victors were olive leaf wreaths or crowns. The games became a political tool used by city-states to assert dominance over their rivals. Politicians would announce political alliances at the games, and in times of war, priests would offer sacrifices to the gods for victory. The games were also used to help spread Hellenistic culture throughout the Mediterranean. The Olympics also featured religious celebrations. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was counted as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Sculptors and poets would congregate each olympiad to display their works of art to would-be patrons.
The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek citystate and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats chronicled for future generations.
Available at:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games>
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: D
Tema central: leitura e interpretação — identificar se o texto fornece informação explícita para responder a uma pergunta. Em provas de concurso é comum cobrar a habilidade de distinguir entre informações presentes no texto (literal) e as que não estão (omissas ou inferenciais).
Resumo teórico rápido: ao responder, primeiro localize palavras-chave da questão (ex.: when, who, why, what). Em seguida, faça scanning no texto por termos correspondentes. Se a informação estiver lá de forma direta — resposta literal — marque. Se faltar dado essencial (por exemplo, uma data ou motivo específico), a opção que pede esse dado é indevida. Estratégia recomendada: 1) identificar o tipo de pergunta; 2) procurar no texto; 3) confirmar que o texto responde integralmente ao que é pedido.
Justificativa da alternativa D (correta): a opção D pergunta quando os Jogos Olímpicos modernos passaram a ser realizados fora de Olímpia. O trecho disponível indica que os jogos antigos sempre foram realizados em Olímpia e que o moderno se desloca entre locais, mas não fornece nenhuma data nem período para quando essa mudança de prática começou. Ou seja, falta no texto a informação temporal exigida pela pergunta — portanto essa questão não pode ser respondida com base no texto.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A — Quem os jogos honravam originalmente? Resposta presente: o texto menciona explicitamente que eram celebração em honra de Zeus.
B — Quando ocorreram os primeiros Jogos? Resposta presente: o texto dá a data tradicional de 776 BC.
C — Por que Teodósio I suprimiu os jogos? Resposta presente: o texto afirma que ele os suprimiu como parte da campanha para impor o cristianismo como religião estatal.
E — O que foi oferecido aos vencedores? Resposta presente: o texto informa que os prêmios eram ramos de oliveira (coroas).
Dica de prova: sempre confira se o texto oferece informação completa para a pergunta (data, motivo, nome). Perguntas que exigem uma data específica são frequentemente as que revelam omissão de conteúdo.
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