A respeito das tarefas que as máquinas podem desempenhar, e de acordo com o que é mencionado diretamente no
segundo parágrafo, pode-se afirmar corretamente que
Learn ‘n’ go
How quickly can people learn new skills?
Jan 25th 2014 – from the print edition
In 2012, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee took a ride in one of Google’s driverless cars. The car’s performance, they report, was flawless, boring and, above all, “weird”. Only a few years earlier, “We were sure that computers would not be able to drive cars.” Only humans, they thought, could make sense of the countless, shifting patterns of driving a car – with oncoming1 traffic, changing lights and wayward2 jaywalkers3 .
Machines have mastered driving. And not just driving. In ways that are only now becoming apparent, the authors argue, machines can forecast home prices, design beer bottles, teach at universities, grade exams and do countless other things better and more cheaply than humans. (…)
This will have one principal good consequence, and one bad. The good is bounty4 . Households will spend less on groceries, utilities and clothing; the deaf will be able to hear, the blind to see. The bad is spread5 . The gap is growing between the lucky few whose abilities and skills are enhanced6 by technology, and the far more numerous middle-skilled people competing for the remaining7 jobs that machines cannot do, such as folding towels and waiting at tables. (…) People should develop skills that complement, rather than compete with computers, such as idea generation and complex communication. (…)
<http://tinyurl.com/m2zmazg>Acesso em: 27.07.2015. Adaptado.
Glossário
1oncoming: iminente; próximo.
2wayward: desobediente; instável.
3jaywalker: pedestre imprudente.
4bounty: recompensa.
5spread: propagação; extensão.
6e nhanced: aprimorado(a).
7remaining: remanescente.
Learn ‘n’ go
How quickly can people learn new skills?
Jan 25th 2014 – from the print edition
In 2012, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee took a ride in one of Google’s driverless cars. The car’s performance, they report, was flawless, boring and, above all, “weird”. Only a few years earlier, “We were sure that computers would not be able to drive cars.” Only humans, they thought, could make sense of the countless, shifting patterns of driving a car – with oncoming1 traffic, changing lights and wayward2 jaywalkers3 .
Machines have mastered driving. And not just driving. In ways that are only now becoming apparent, the authors argue, machines can forecast home prices, design beer bottles, teach at universities, grade exams and do countless other things better and more cheaply than humans. (…)
This will have one principal good consequence, and one bad. The good is bounty4 . Households will spend less on groceries, utilities and clothing; the deaf will be able to hear, the blind to see. The bad is spread5 . The gap is growing between the lucky few whose abilities and skills are enhanced6 by technology, and the far more numerous middle-skilled people competing for the remaining7 jobs that machines cannot do, such as folding towels and waiting at tables. (…) People should develop skills that complement, rather than compete with computers, such as idea generation and complex communication. (…)
Gabarito comentado
Tema central: A questão exige a interpretação do segundo parágrafo de um texto sobre avanços da inteligência artificial (IA), focando nas tarefas que máquinas já realizam melhor e de forma mais barata que humanos.
Comentário Didático: Em provas de Inglês para vestibulares e concursos, identificar a ideia principal do parágrafo é essencial. Aqui, o parágrafo mostra que máquinas atuais podem fazer muitas tarefas – desde dirigir carros até lecionar em universidades – “better and more cheaply than humans” (melhor e mais barato que pessoas). Isso exige atenção ao adjetivo “better” (melhor) e ao advérbio “more cheaply” (de forma mais barata).
O domínio da estrutura comparativa em inglês como "better than" (melhor que) e termos de quantidade ("countless" = incontáveis) é fundamental para eliminar alternativas erradas e acertar este tipo de questão.
Justificativa da Alternativa Correta (C):
A alternativa C (existem incontáveis tarefas que podem ser realizadas por máquinas de forma mais barata do que por humanos) está alinhada ao trecho: “machines can forecast home prices, design beer bottles, teach at universities, grade exams and do countless other things better and more cheaply than humans.” Ou seja, o texto deixa claro tanto a quantidade (“countless”) quanto a eficiência e economia (“better and more cheaply”) das máquinas em comparação aos humanos.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) Incorreta: O texto diz que máquinas podem “teach at universities” (lecionar em universidades).
B) Incorreta: A experiência dos autores com o carro autônomo foi “flawless” (impecável), mostrando que o carro dirige com precisão.
D) Incorreta: O texto afirma que as máquinas realizam tarefas melhor e mais barato, contradizendo esta opção.
E) Incorreta: O texto é claro ao dizer “more cheaply than humans”, ou seja, mais barato, não mais caro.
Estratégia de Prova:
Fique atento a palavras-chave como “not”, “never”, “only”, além de adjetivos comparativos, pois interpretações apressadas podem confundir. Pratique sempre a leitura de termos comparativos e expressões de quantidade.
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