Na frase, “I’ve seen over and over again ....”, presente
no primeiro parágrafo do texto, o autor refere-se a uma
ação que
eia o texto para responder à questão.
5 Ways to Boost Your Resilience at Work
Since the pace and intensity of contemporary work
culture are not likely to change, it’s more important
than ever to build resilience skills to effectively
navigate your worklife. While working as a CEO I’ve
seen over and over again that the most resilient
individuals aren’t the ones that don’t fail, but rather
the ones that fail, learn and thrive1
because of it.
Resilience is built by attitudes, behaviors and
social supports that can be adopted and cultivated
by anyone. Factors that lead to resilience include
optimism and the ability to stay balanced and manage
difficult emotions. To build resilience skills at work it’s
important to understand and manage some of the
factors that cause us to feel so stressed at work. Being
hyperconnected and responsive to work anytime,
anywhere, can be extremely onerous.
The current and rising levels of stress in the
workplace should be cause for concern, as there is
a direct and adverse relationship between negative
stress, wellness and productivity. Stress that causes us
to experience difficulty or unhealthy strain is a major
cause for concern as it directly and adversely affects
personal and business success. Here are some tips on
how to develop resilience and stay motivated:
Exercise mindfulness – Turn your attention to
mental training practices associated with mindfulness
to improve your judgment accuracy and problem
solving, job performance and cognitive flexibility.
Compartmentalize your cognitive load – Create
dedicated times in the day to do specific work-related
activities and not others.
Take detachment2 breaks – Step away from work
for even a few minutes to reset energy and attention.
Balancing work activity can promote greater energy,
mental clarity, creativity and focus.
Develop mental agility – Decenter stress: step
back, reflect, shift perspectives, create options and
choose wisely.
Cultivate compassion – Create positive work
relationships, increase cooperation and collaboration,
happiness and well-being to decrease stress.
<https://tinyurl.com/ycvtxc4v> Acesso em: 04.03.2018. Adaptado.
Glossário:
(1) Thrive: prosperar, desenvolver, ter sucesso.
(2) Detachment: descolamento, distanciamento, separação.
eia o texto para responder à questão.
5 Ways to Boost Your Resilience at Work
Since the pace and intensity of contemporary work culture are not likely to change, it’s more important than ever to build resilience skills to effectively navigate your worklife. While working as a CEO I’ve seen over and over again that the most resilient individuals aren’t the ones that don’t fail, but rather the ones that fail, learn and thrive1 because of it.
Resilience is built by attitudes, behaviors and social supports that can be adopted and cultivated by anyone. Factors that lead to resilience include optimism and the ability to stay balanced and manage difficult emotions. To build resilience skills at work it’s important to understand and manage some of the factors that cause us to feel so stressed at work. Being hyperconnected and responsive to work anytime, anywhere, can be extremely onerous.
The current and rising levels of stress in the workplace should be cause for concern, as there is a direct and adverse relationship between negative stress, wellness and productivity. Stress that causes us to experience difficulty or unhealthy strain is a major cause for concern as it directly and adversely affects personal and business success. Here are some tips on how to develop resilience and stay motivated:
Exercise mindfulness – Turn your attention to mental training practices associated with mindfulness to improve your judgment accuracy and problem solving, job performance and cognitive flexibility.
Compartmentalize your cognitive load – Create dedicated times in the day to do specific work-related activities and not others.
Take detachment2 breaks – Step away from work for even a few minutes to reset energy and attention. Balancing work activity can promote greater energy, mental clarity, creativity and focus.
Develop mental agility – Decenter stress: step back, reflect, shift perspectives, create options and choose wisely.
Cultivate compassion – Create positive work relationships, increase cooperation and collaboration, happiness and well-being to decrease stress.
(1) Thrive: prosperar, desenvolver, ter sucesso.
(2) Detachment: descolamento, distanciamento, separação.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão: O foco da questão é a identificação e compreensão do uso do Present Perfect na frase “I’ve seen over and over again...”, isto é, como expressar em inglês ações que ligam passado e presente.
Explicação didática: O Present Perfect é formado por have/has + particípio passado do verbo principal (neste caso, “I have seen”). Ele é usado para expressar:
- Ações que começaram no passado e continuam no presente ou
- Ações que aconteceram em um tempo indeterminado do passado e ainda têm efeito ou relevância no presente.
No texto, o autor afirma que já presenciou repetidas vezes (“over and over again”) uma situação desde o passado, indicando que a experiência se estende até o momento atual.
Justificativa da alternativa correta:
A alternativa D) inicia no passado e tem continuidade no presente é a correta. Isso porque o Present Perfect exprime, de acordo com a gramática tradicional (referência: “Essential Grammar in Use”, Raymond Murphy), uma ação que não ficou restrita ao passado, mas persiste ou tem importância agora. O autor ainda observa – ou pode observar – o fato no presente.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
- A) Fala do futuro; o “Present Perfect” não se refere a ações que ainda vão acontecer.
- B) Indica começo e fim apenas no passado, sem conexão com o presente; neste caso, deveríamos usar o Simple Past (“I saw”).
- C) Sugere algo que pertence somente ao passado remoto; também requereria o uso do Simple Past.
- E) Menciona somente o presente, sem ligação com o passado; o tempo verbal apropriado seria o Present Simple.
Estratégias importantes para provas:
- Em frases com have/has + particípio, atente para a conexão entre passado e presente.
- Cuidado com pegadinhas em alternativas que mencionam apenas o passado (remoto, concluído) ou apenas o presente.
- Palavras como "already", "ever", "never", "yet", "since", "recently" normalmente indicam uso do Present Perfect.
Resumo: O uso do “I’ve seen” conecta passado e presente, mostrando que experiências ocorridas continuam relevantes agora. Por isso, alternativa D é a resposta certa.
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