Read the text below:
Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy
According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in processed food and
fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation. Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly
fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower.
"Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly processed diet
causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue," says lead researcher Aaron Blaisdell.
Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=94296> . Acesso em: abril de 2015.
According to the text, it is possible to state that:
I. Rats which ate healthy food were thinner than the ones which ate junk food.
II. Laziness is a consequence from obesity.
III. Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.
IV. Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.
V. Rats on a healthy diet were more active.
Read the text below:
Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy
According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in processed food and fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation. Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower. "Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly processed diet causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue," says lead researcher Aaron Blaisdell.
Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=94296>
According to the text, it is possible to state that:
I. Rats which ate healthy food were thinner than the ones which ate junk food.
II. Laziness is a consequence from obesity.
III. Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.
IV. Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.
V. Rats on a healthy diet were more active.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central: interpretação de texto em inglês — identificar informações explícitas e diferencia-las de inferências ou relações causais implícitas. Aqui é preciso distinguir o que o texto afirma diretamente (fatos observados) do que ele apenas sugere ou não menciona.
Resumo teórico rápido: em reading comprehension procure:
- Informação explícita: afirmações diretas do texto (ex.: resultados, descrições).
- Inferência: conclusão razoável baseada no texto, só quando claramente suportada.
- Causalidade: observe verbos e expressões como “cause”, “suggest”, “rather than” — eles moldam o sentido das relações.
Justificativa da alternativa D:
I (verdadeira) — O texto afirma que “rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet”: logo, os que comeram alimento saudável eram mais magros.
II (verdadeira) — O pesquisador declara que “diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness” — isto indica que a obesidade induzida pela dieta provoca preguiça (laziness como consequência).
V (verdadeira) — O texto diz que os ratos com dieta não saudável “were less active”; portanto, por contraste, os ratos com dieta saudável eram mais ativos.
Análise das incorretas:
III (falsa) — Afirma que “Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.” O texto diz o oposto: sugere que a obesidade causada pela dieta leva à preguiça, não que a preguiça cause obesidade.
IV (falsa) — Diz que “Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.” Não há essa relação no texto: ele relata que junk food causa menos motivação, não que a falta de motivação torne o junk food atraente.
Dica de estratégia para concursos: sublinhe no texto verbos e conectivos de causalidade (“causes”, “rather than”, “suggest”) e diferencie what is said de what is implied. Evite virar inferências em fatos sem suporte explícito.
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