No trecho do quarto parágrafo “gender stereotypes about jobs and caring have crumbled”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
Why so few nurses are men
Ask health professionals in any country what the biggest problem in their health-care system is and one of the most common answers is the shortage of nurses. In ageing rich countries, demand for nursing care is becoming increasingly insatiable. Britain’s National Health Service, for example, has 40,000-odd nurse vacancies. Poor countries struggle with the emigration of nurses for greener pastures. One obvious solution seems neglected: recruit more men. Typically, just 5-10% of nurses registered in a given country are men. Why so few?
Views of nursing as a “woman’s job” have deep roots. Florence Nightingale, who established the principles of modern nursing in the 1860s, insisted that men’s “hard and horny” hands were “not fitted to touch, bathe and dress wounded limbs”. In Britain the Royal College of Nursing, the profession’s union, did not even admit men as members until 1960. Some nursing schools in America started admitting men only in 1982, after a Supreme Court ruling forced them to. Senior nurse titles such as “sister” (a ward manager) and “matron” (which in some countries is used for men as well) do not help matters. Unsurprisingly, some older people do not even know that men can be nurses too. Male nurses often encounter patients who assume they are doctors.
Another problem is that beliefs about what a nursing job entails are often outdated – in ways that may be particularly off-putting for men. In films, nurses are commonly portrayed as the helpers of heroic male doctors. In fact, nurses do most of their work independently and are the first responders to patients in crisis. To dispel myths, nurse-recruitment campaigns display nursing as a professional job with career progression, specialisms like anaesthetics, cardiology or emergency care, and use for skills related to technology, innovation and leadership. However, attracting men without playing to gender stereotypes can be tricky. “Are you man enough to be a nurse?”, the slogan of an American campaign, was involved in controversy.
Nursing is not a career many boys aspire to, or are encouraged to consider. Only two-fifths of British parents say they would be proud if their son became a nurse. Because of all this, men who go into nursing are usually already closely familiar with the job. Some are following in the career footsteps of their mothers. Others decide that the job would suit them after they see a male nurse care for a relative or they themselves get care from a male nurse when hospitalised. Although many gender stereotypes about jobs and caring have crumbled, nursing has, so far, remained unaffected.
(www.economist.com, 22.08.2018. Adaptado.)
Why so few nurses are men
Ask health professionals in any country what the biggest problem in their health-care system is and one of the most common answers is the shortage of nurses. In ageing rich countries, demand for nursing care is becoming increasingly insatiable. Britain’s National Health Service, for example, has 40,000-odd nurse vacancies. Poor countries struggle with the emigration of nurses for greener pastures. One obvious solution seems neglected: recruit more men. Typically, just 5-10% of nurses registered in a given country are men. Why so few?
Views of nursing as a “woman’s job” have deep roots. Florence Nightingale, who established the principles of modern nursing in the 1860s, insisted that men’s “hard and horny” hands were “not fitted to touch, bathe and dress wounded limbs”. In Britain the Royal College of Nursing, the profession’s union, did not even admit men as members until 1960. Some nursing schools in America started admitting men only in 1982, after a Supreme Court ruling forced them to. Senior nurse titles such as “sister” (a ward manager) and “matron” (which in some countries is used for men as well) do not help matters. Unsurprisingly, some older people do not even know that men can be nurses too. Male nurses often encounter patients who assume they are doctors.
Another problem is that beliefs about what a nursing job entails are often outdated – in ways that may be particularly off-putting for men. In films, nurses are commonly portrayed as the helpers of heroic male doctors. In fact, nurses do most of their work independently and are the first responders to patients in crisis. To dispel myths, nurse-recruitment campaigns display nursing as a professional job with career progression, specialisms like anaesthetics, cardiology or emergency care, and use for skills related to technology, innovation and leadership. However, attracting men without playing to gender stereotypes can be tricky. “Are you man enough to be a nurse?”, the slogan of an American campaign, was involved in controversy.
Nursing is not a career many boys aspire to, or are encouraged to consider. Only two-fifths of British parents say they would be proud if their son became a nurse. Because of all this, men who go into nursing are usually already closely familiar with the job. Some are following in the career footsteps of their mothers. Others decide that the job would suit them after they see a male nurse care for a relative or they themselves get care from a male nurse when hospitalised. Although many gender stereotypes about jobs and caring have crumbled, nursing has, so far, remained unaffected.
(www.economist.com, 22.08.2018. Adaptado.)
Gabarito comentado
“To crumble" significa quebrar em pequenos pedaços; desfazer; desmoronar.
Caso o candidato não saiba o significado de “crumble" ele poderá chegar ao resultado correto através da interpretação de texto.
No trecho em que é usado, diz o autor: “Although many gender stereotypes about jobs and caring have crumbled, nursing has, so far, remained unaffected." Temos que a conjunção although apresenta uma concessão, isto é, apresenta uma ideia contrária a ideia da oração principal sem impedi-la.
A concessão diz que embora muitos estereótipos de gênero sobre atividades e cuidados tenha [crumbled], a oração principal explica que a enfermagem, até o momento não foi afetada.
A ideia expressa por “crumble" é, portanto, contrária a ideia de permanecer inalterado/sem afetação.
Passemos às alternativas:
Alternativa A.
ERRADA. A ideia de continuidade não se contrapõe à ideia de permanência da oração principal que vemos em “remained unaffected".
Alternativa B.
ERRADA. A ideia de somar/agregar também não se enquadra no contexto “aggregated". Trata-se de um verbo transitivo que precisa de um objeto que complete seu conteúdo semântico, tal complemento não consta da oração sob análise.
Alternativa C.
ERRADA. Ora, se os estereótipos tivessem sido recuperados (recovered) não haveria contradição com a atividade de enfermagem que, sabemos a partir da leitura do texto, conserva tais estereótipos até os dias de hoje.
Alternativa D.
ERRADA. Fortaleceu, assim como “recovered" visto na análise anterior, não se enquadra na ideia de contradição.
Alternativa E.
CORRETA. “Collapsed" (desmoronar, ruir) é sinônimo de “crumbled" (desfazer; desmoronar).
GABARITO DO PROFESSOR: LETRA E.
