Questão 6d115c9e-eb
Prova:CÁSPER LÍBERO 2009
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
Say which sentence is true according to the text above.
Say which sentence is true according to the text above.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
Read the article below and answer question.
The El Mercurio File
By Peter Kornbluh
“For the better part of two years, a group of editors, journalism students, and human rights lawyers
in Santiago, Chile, have been gathering evidence against their country’s leading media mogul, Agustín
Edwards, to, at minimum, have him expelled from the press guild, the Academy of Chilean Journalists.
The editor of the leftist magazine Puncto Final, Manuel Cabieses, has filed a formal petition accusing
Edwards of violating the academy’s code of ethics by conspiring with the Nixon White House and the
CIA between 1970 and 1973 to foment the military coup that overthrew the elected government of
Salvador Allende and brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, thirty years ago this month.
‘Doonie’, as Edwards is known to his closest friends, is the patriarch of the press – a Chilean Rupert
Murdoch. His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a
second national paper, Ultimas Noticias, and Santiago’s leading afternoon paper, La Segunda, along
with a dozen smaller regional journals. In September 1970, when Chileans narrowly elected Allende,
a Socialist, to the presidency, Edwards was widely considered to be the richest man in Chile – and the
individual with the most to lose financially from Allende’s election.
The ethics charges against Edwards are likely to receive a boost from a careful analysis of formerly
secret U.S. documents that shed considerable new light on CIA covert media operations in Chile.
Since 1975, when a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church issued
its report, Covert Action in Chile: 1963-1973, it has been no secret that the CIA provided significant
funding to El Mercurio, put reporters and editors on its payroll, and used the paper, in the committee’s
words, as ‘the most important channel for anti-Allende propaganda.’ But with the declassification of
thousands of CIA and White House records at the end of Clinton administration, the history of the ‘El
Mercurio Project’ emerges in far greater detail. Among the key revelations in the documents:
• Even before Allende was inaugurated as president of Chile, Edwards came to Washington and
discussed with the CIA the ‘timing for possible military action’ to prevent Allende from taking
office.
• President Nixon directly authorized massive funding in the newspaper. The White House approve
close to $2 million dollars – a significant sum when turned into Chilean currency on the black
market.
• Secret CIA cables from mid-1973 identified El Mercurio as among the ‘most militant parts of the
opposition’ pushing for military intervention to overthrow Allende.
• In the aftermath of the coup, the CIA continued to covertly finance media operations in order to
influence Chilean public opinion in favor of the new military regime, despite General Pinochet’s
brutal repression.”
From: KORNBLUH, Peter. “The El Mercurio File”. Columbia Journalism Review. New York, p.14-15,
September/October 2007.
A
Rupert Murdoch was born in Chile.
B
Ultimas Noticias‘ owner fiercely competes with El Mercurio’s for the leadership in Chile.
C
Allende was elected by a small difference of votes.
D
The Senator’s name is Idaho Frank and he is religious.
E
All the members of the congressional committee sat in chairs around the Senator.
Gabarito comentado
J
João Lima Monitor com apoio de IA
Gabarito: C
Fundamento decisivo: O trecho decisivo é “when Chileans narrowly elected Allende”, que sustenta diretamente a alternativa C. A expressão “narrowly elected” indica eleição por margem estreita, e as demais opções contradizem ou extrapolam o texto.
Tema central: localização de informação explícita
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Incorreta. O texto diz que Edwards é “a Chilean Rupert Murdoch”, isto é, faz uma comparação entre Agustín Edwards e Rupert Murdoch como magnatas da mídia. Isso não informa que Rupert Murdoch tenha nascido no Chile. A alternativa erra por tomar uma comparação metafórica/appositiva como dado biográfico literal.
B
Errada
Incorreta. O trecho “His media empire encompasses Chile’s renowned national newspaper, El Mercurio, a second national paper, Ultimas Noticias...” mostra que ambos os jornais pertencem ao mesmo império midiático de Edwards. O possessivo “His” vincula os dois veículos ao mesmo dono, então não há apoio textual para a ideia de competição feroz entre proprietários distintos.
C
Certa
A alternativa C está correta porque corresponde fielmente ao trecho “when Chileans narrowly elected Allende”. O advérbio “narrowly”, nesse contexto, indica que a eleição ocorreu por pequena margem de votos. Portanto, a afirmação de que Allende foi eleito por uma pequena diferença de votos é diretamente sustentada pelo texto.
D
Errada
Incorreta. Em “a special congressional committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church”, o nome do senador é Frank Church; “Idaho” identifica o estado ao qual ele se vincula politicamente. Além disso, o texto não afirma que ele seja religioso. A alternativa erra na aposição nominal e ainda cria uma inferência sem apoio textual a partir do sobrenome “Church”.
E
Errada
Incorreta. No contexto institucional, “chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church” significa “presidido/liderado por Idaho Senator Frank Church”. Não há qualquer indicação de que os membros do comitê estavam fisicamente sentados em cadeiras ao redor do senador. A alternativa erra por leitura literal indevida de “chaired”.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explora leituras literais equivocadas: transformar comparação em fato biográfico, ignorar o referente de posse, segmentar mal a expressão “Idaho Senator Frank Church” e interpretar “chaired by” fisicamente em vez de institucionalmente.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Em alternativas de compreensão, priorize o trecho que reproduz informação explícita do texto e teste a correspondência semântica exata.
- Não transforme expressões comparativas como “a Chilean Rupert Murdoch” em afirmações literais sobre a pessoa usada na comparação.
- Verifique sempre o referente de possessivos como “his” antes de concluir relação de propriedade ou rivalidade.
- Em contexto institucional, verbos como “chair” devem ser lidos pelo sentido organizacional, não pelo significado físico da palavra isolada.
