The pronoun them (first paragraph) refers to:
VEGAN VS VEGETARIAN – WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
By Alina Petre
Vegetarian
diets have reportedly been around since as early as 700 B.C. Several typesexist
and individuals may practice them for a variety of reasons, including
health, ethics, environmentalism and religion. Vegan diets are a little more
recent, but are getting a good amount of press.
What is a vegetarian diet?
According to the Vegetarian Society, a vegetarian is someone who
does not eat any meat, poultry, game, fish, shellfish or by-products of animal
slaughter. Vegetarian diets contain various levels of fruits, vegetables,
grains, pulses, nuts and seeds. The inclusion of dairy and eggs depends on the
type of diet you follow.
The most common types of vegetarians include:
• Lacto-ovo
vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal flesh, but do consume
dairy and egg products.
• Lacto
vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid animal flesh and eggs, but do
consume dairy products.
• Ovo
vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal products except eggs.
• Vegans: Vegetarians
who avoid all animal and animal-derived products.
Those who do not eat meat or poultry but do
consume fish are considered pescatarians, whereas part-time
vegetarians are often referred to as flexitarians.
Although sometimes considered vegetarians, pescatarians and flexitarians
do eat animal flesh. Therefore, they do not technically fall under the
definition of vegetarianism.
From: https://goo.gl/n9yEy1. Accessed on 03/22/2017
VEGAN VS VEGETARIAN – WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
By Alina Petre
Vegetarian diets have reportedly been around since as early as 700 B.C. Several typesexist and individuals may practice them for a variety of reasons, including health, ethics, environmentalism and religion. Vegan diets are a little more recent, but are getting a good amount of press.
What is a vegetarian diet?
According to the Vegetarian Society, a vegetarian is someone who does not eat any meat, poultry, game, fish, shellfish or by-products of animal slaughter. Vegetarian diets contain various levels of fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, nuts and seeds. The inclusion of dairy and eggs depends on the type of diet you follow.
The most common types of vegetarians include:
• Lacto-ovo vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal flesh, but do consume dairy and egg products.
• Lacto vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid animal flesh and eggs, but do consume dairy products.
• Ovo vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal products except eggs.
• Vegans: Vegetarians who avoid all animal and animal-derived products.
Those who do not eat meat or poultry but do consume fish are considered pescatarians, whereas part-time vegetarians are often referred to as flexitarians.
Although sometimes considered vegetarians, pescatarians and flexitarians do eat animal flesh. Therefore, they do not technically fall under the definition of vegetarianism.
From: https://goo.gl/n9yEy1. Accessed on 03/22/2017
Gabarito comentado
Gabarito Comentado:
Tema central: A questão avalia sua habilidade de identificar o antecedente de um pronome (“them”) em um texto em inglês, habilidade fundamental para interpretação de textos em concursos e vestibulares.
Explicação teórica: O pronome “them” é o equivalente ao “eles/elas” na função de objeto e sempre retoma um substantivo plural citado anteriormente. A identificação correta do antecedente depende da leitura cuidadosa do trecho anterior à ocorrência do pronome.
Análise do trecho:
Observe o trecho: “Several types exist and individuals may practice them for a variety of reasons...” Veja o encadeamento:
- “Several types exist”: refere-se a tipos de algo. O que? O parágrafo anterior menciona vegetarian diets (“Vegetarian diets have reportedly been around... Several types exist…”).
Assim, “them” refere-se a “vegetarian diets”.
Justificativa da Alternativa Correta (B): A opção vegetarian diets é correta porque é o único substantivo plural diretamente relacionado aos “tipos” que podem ser praticados, como explicado pelo contexto sequencial.
Alternativas incorretas:
- A) reasons: O texto diz “practice them for a variety of reasons”—“reasons” são motivos, não algo que se pratica.
- C) individuals: “Individuals” são pessoas, mas “them” refere-se às dietas, não às pessoas.
- D) ethics: “Ethics” é um conceito, não um objeto plural físico relacionado ao verbo “practicar”.
- E) health and religion: Também são motivos, mas não o objeto da ação “praticar”, logo, não podem ser substituídos por “them”.
Estrategia para evitar pegadinhas: Fique atento à relação entre verbo e objeto (no caso “practice them”) e procure sempre o substantivo plural imediatamente anterior e coerente com o verbo!
Resumo: Sempre leia com atenção as frases anteriores ao pronome. Lembre-se: pronomes como “them” retomam o último substantivo plural de significado compatível no texto.
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