Questão 55d2e553-d7
Prova:EBMSP 2018
Disciplina:Inglês
Assunto:Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

As far as figure shaping has changed over time, the text says that

    Rather than a stable set of features, physical beauty is an ever-morphing construct. But female beauty ideals tend nevertheless to have outlines. These have been most visible throughout history in the pictures drawn by those self-elected gods we call artists. History provides us a record, and from it one basic truth stands out: the ideals women are asked to embody, regardless of culture or continent, have been hammered out almost exclusively by men.
     Consider, for instance, the ways that figure shaping has altered over the centuries. Some 150 years ago, women in Europe began wearing bustles beneath their dresses that greatly enlarged the profile of their buttocks. More recently, the notion of sculpting has been applied directly to the body. In the 1960s, it took the form of dieting, which produced the sort of extremely skinny figure we associate with such models as Twiggy. Her thinness connoted vitality, an escape from the matronhood idealized by earlier generations, as well as an innocent, insouciant sexuality that was not dissimilar to a Roman-era depiction of the Three Graces.
     Consumerism, of which diet fads are certainly a part, has significantly expanded the range of off-the-shelf options for bodily enhancement. In the 1980s and ’90s, women frequently turned to surgery – breast or buttocks augmentation, nose jobs – and other non-surgical interventions such as Botox and tanning.
     It’s worth noting that if art holds a mirror up to culture, it has with rare exception failed to reflect a manifestation of female beauty of the last decade: the high-performance, muscled athlete. Popular magazines like ESPN The Magazine’s “Body Issue” have made gestures in this direction, by putting women like Serena Williams on the cover. But, in large part, art seems not to have taken account of the fact that the athlete has become a figure of everyday life, not just a pro.

KUNITZ, Daniel. Disponível em: <www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-how-art-hasshaped-female-beauty-ideals-history>. Acesso em: nov. 2018. Adaptado.

A
around 150 years ago, women wore artificial devices so as to reduce their body figure.
B
in the sixties, all kinds of very restrictive diets were avoided.
C
at the end of the 20th century, emphasis was given to body image improvements through cosmetic and surgical procedures.
D
lately, surgical procedures aiming at improving people’s appearance have been condemned.
E
such procedures as Botox and tanning started being used by women in the middle of last century.

Gabarito comentado

T
Thiago MendesMonitor do Qconcursos

Tema central da questão: O foco está na interpretação de texto em inglês, mais especificamente na evolução dos padrões de beleza feminina e das práticas de modificação corporal ao longo do tempo, com base em informações explicitamente apresentadas no texto.

Análise da estratégia de resolução: Em questões de interpretação como esta, é essencial que o candidato faça a leitura atenta às datas, aos termos técnicos (“bustles”, “dieting”, “Botox”, “surgery”) e à linha do tempo dos procedimentos mencionados. Palavras-chave de referência temporal como “150 years ago”, “in the 1960s”, “in the 1980s and ’90s” ajudam a posicionar corretamente cada fato.

Justificativa da alternativa correta (C):
A opção C) at the end of the 20th century, emphasis was given to body image improvements through cosmetic and surgical procedures. está plenamente correta porque o texto afirma de forma inequívoca: “In the 1980s and ’90s, women frequently turned to surgery – breast or buttocks augmentation, nose jobs – and other non-surgical interventions such as Botox and tanning.” Ou seja, as intervenções cirúrgicas e não cirúrgicas para aprimoramento corporal se popularizaram justamente nesse período, que corresponde ao final do século XX.

Dica de prova: Atenção às referências temporais! Muitas alternativas erradas usam distorções de datas ou trocam a ordem dos fatos.

Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) Erra ao dizer que dispositivos artificiais eram usados para reduzir a forma do corpo; o texto especifica que eram usados para aumentar o volume das nádegas.
B) Afirma que dietas restritivas foram evitadas nos anos 60, quando o texto mostra exatamente o oposto: “it took the form of dieting, which produced the sort of extremely skinny figure ... like Twiggy.”
D) Diz que procedimentos cirúrgicos foram condenados recentemente, mas o texto nada menciona sobre condenação ou julgamento moral dessas práticas.
E) Indica que Botox e bronzeamento começaram a ser adotados em meados do século, porém o texto diz “in the 1980s and ’90s” — logo, tratam-se das décadas finais do século XX, não da metade.

Orientação final: Em inglês, atenção minuciosa à cronologia, à função dos termos-chave e desconfie de generalizações. Segundo autores como William Grabe (Reading in a Second Language), a habilidade de mapear a estrutura e associar ideias principais auxilia muito na resolução dessas questões.

Gostou do comentário? Deixe sua avaliação aqui embaixo!

Estatísticas

Aulas sobre o assunto

Questões para exercitar

Artigos relacionados

Dicas de estudo