According to the text, fill in the blanks with T (True) or F (False).
It’s stated in the text
( ) Standards of feminine physical beauty have changed
markedly over time.
( ) Just one type of female beauty has remained unchanged
at all times and places.
( ) Some feminine physical features have been praised as
universally appealing in all cultures.
( ) In general, images of women have historically followed a
pattern set down by men.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
Rather than a stable set of features, physical
beauty is an ever-morphing construct. But female
beauty ideals tend nevertheless to have outlines.
These have been most visible throughout history in
the pictures drawn by those self-elected gods we call
artists. History provides us a record, and from it one
basic truth stands out: the ideals women are asked
to embody, regardless of culture or continent, have
been hammered out almost exclusively by men.
Consider, for instance, the ways that figure
shaping has altered over the centuries. Some 150
years ago, women in Europe began wearing bustles
beneath their dresses that greatly enlarged the
profile of their buttocks. More recently, the notion
of sculpting has been applied directly to the body. In
the 1960s, it took the form of dieting, which produced
the sort of extremely skinny figure we associate with
such models as Twiggy. Her thinness connoted
vitality, an escape from the matronhood idealized
by earlier generations, as well as an innocent,
insouciant sexuality that was not dissimilar to a
Roman-era depiction of the Three Graces.
Consumerism, of which diet fads are certainly
a part, has significantly expanded the range of
off-the-shelf options for bodily enhancement. In
the 1980s and ’90s, women frequently turned to
surgery – breast or buttocks augmentation, nose
jobs – and other non-surgical interventions such as
Botox and tanning.
It’s worth noting that if art holds a mirror up
to culture, it has with rare exception failed to reflect
a manifestation of female beauty of the last decade:
the high-performance, muscled athlete. Popular
magazines like ESPN The Magazine’s “Body Issue”
have made gestures in this direction, by putting
women like Serena Williams on the cover. But, in
large part, art seems not to have taken account
of the fact that the athlete has become a figure of
everyday life, not just a pro.
KUNITZ, Daniel. Disponível em: <www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-how-art-hasshaped-female-beauty-ideals-history>. Acesso em: nov. 2018. Adaptado.
Gabarito comentado
Gabarito: B) T F F T
Tema central: Interpretação de Texto em Inglês – o padrão de beleza feminina ao longo da história.
Comentário Didático:
Esta questão exige uma leitura atenta do texto para identificar ideias principais e informações específicas. Avalie cada afirmativa comparando-a diretamente ao que é expresso ou implicitamente sugerido pelo texto.
1) Standards of feminine physical beauty have changed markedly over time.
O texto afirma que a beleza é um “ever-morphing construct”. Destaca exemplos históricos que mostram como o padrão mudou nos séculos (ex.: bustles, dieta, cirurgia).
Verdadeiro (T).
2) Just one type of female beauty has remained unchanged at all times and places.
O texto pontua que os ideais mudam e são culturalmente moldados, nunca sendo fixos nem universais. Cuidado com a palavra “unchanged”, pois nenhuma permanência foi defendida.
Falso (F).
3) Some feminine physical features have been praised as universally appealing in all cultures.
O texto reforça que não há unanimidade histórica ou cultural quanto a atributos físicos femininos valorizados.
Falso (F).
4) In general, images of women have historically followed a pattern set down by men.
A autora indica que os padrões de beleza feminina foram “hammered out almost exclusively by men”, ou seja, os homens geralmente os estabeleceram.
Verdadeiro (T).
Análise das alternativas:
Atenção! Pegadinhas clássicas aparecem aqui, principalmente em generalizações do tipo “always”, “never”, “unchanged”, “universally”. Não se deixe enganar por palavras absolutas quando o texto aponta variação!
Cada item deve ser justificado com base no texto. Use sempre as palavras-chave ou passagens do texto para fundamentar suas escolhas, evitando inferências sem sustentação.
Estratégias essenciais: Ao encontrar palavras como “ever-morphing”, “almost exclusively”, “regardless of culture”, reconheça que o foco está na mutabilidade e não universalidade dos padrões. Isso elimina alternativas que sugiram rigidez ou universalidade.
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