No terceiro parágrafo, o pronome ones em – (...) particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low- income young people. – refere-se a
In Higher Education, a Focus on Technology
By STEVE LOHR
The education gap facing the nation’s work force is evident in the numbers. Most new jobs will require more than a high school education, yet fewer than half of Americans under 30 have a (2) postsecondary degree of any kind. Recent state budget cuts, education experts agree, promise to make closing that gap even more difcult. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and four nonproft education organizations are beginning an ambitious initiative to address that challenge by accelerating the development and use of online learning tools. An initial $20 million round of money, from the Gates Foundation, will be for postsecondary online courses, particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people. Another round of grants, for high school programs, is scheduled for next year.
Just how efective technology can be in improving education - by making students more efective, more engaged learners - is a subject of debate. To date, education research shows that good teachers matter a lot, class size may be less important than once thought and nothing improves student performance as much as one-on-one human tutoring. If technology is well designed, experts say, it can help tailor the learning experience to individual students, facilitate student- teacher collaboration, and assist teachers in monitoring student performance each day and in quickly fne-tuning lessons. The potential benefts of technology are greater as students become older, more independent learners. Making that point, Mr. Gates said in an interview that for children from kindergarten to about ffth grade “the idea that you stick them in front of a computer is (3) ludicrous.”
(1)
higher education: educação superior.
(2)
postsecondary: termo que se refere aos cursos feitos após o high school ou, no modelo educacional brasileiro, o Ensino Médio.
(3)
ludicrous: ridícula, absurda.
By STEVE LOHR
The education gap facing the nation’s work force is evident in the numbers. Most new jobs will require more than a high school education, yet fewer than half of Americans under 30 have a (2) postsecondary degree of any kind. Recent state budget cuts, education experts agree, promise to make closing that gap even more difcult. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and four nonproft education organizations are beginning an ambitious initiative to address that challenge by accelerating the development and use of online learning tools. An initial $20 million round of money, from the Gates Foundation, will be for postsecondary online courses, particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people. Another round of grants, for high school programs, is scheduled for next year.
Just how efective technology can be in improving education - by making students more efective, more engaged learners - is a subject of debate. To date, education research shows that good teachers matter a lot, class size may be less important than once thought and nothing improves student performance as much as one-on-one human tutoring. If technology is well designed, experts say, it can help tailor the learning experience to individual students, facilitate student- teacher collaboration, and assist teachers in monitoring student performance each day and in quickly fne-tuning lessons. The potential benefts of technology are greater as students become older, more independent learners. Making that point, Mr. Gates said in an interview that for children from kindergarten to about ffth grade “the idea that you stick them in front of a computer is (3) ludicrous.”
(1)
higher education: educação superior.
(2)
postsecondary: termo que se refere aos cursos feitos após o high school ou, no modelo educacional brasileiro, o Ensino Médio.
(3)
ludicrous: ridícula, absurda.
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: C — postsecondary online courses
Tema central: trata-se de identificação do referente do pronome substituto ones em inglês (anaphoric reference). Questões desse tipo exigem atenção à gramática (concordância e tipo de palavra) e ao contexto semântico do trecho.
Resumo teórico rápido: o pronome ones substitui um substantivo contável no plural já mencionado para evitar repetição. Deve concordar em número e sentido com seu antecedente e ser semanticamente compatível. (Veja, por exemplo, Cambridge Dictionary: entry “one/ones” como pronoun.)
Justificativa da alternativa correta (C): no contexto, a frase anterior fala de “postsecondary online courses”, e a oração seguinte especifica “particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people.” O pronome ones retoma exatamente “postsecondary online courses” — são cursos (plural, contáveis) que podem ser “tailored” (adaptados). A concordância gramatical (plural) e a compatibilidade semântica confirmam a escolha.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A — high school programs: embora o texto mencione programas para high school em seguida, esses são referidos como uma rodada de subsídios futura; o antecedente imediato e compatível é “postsecondary online courses”, não “high school programs”.
B — low-income young people: impossível porque ones substitui um substantivo plural contável (coisa/objetos), não pessoas neste contexto; além disso, a frase indica que os cursos são tailored for low-income young people, não que “ones” = essas pessoas.
D — the Gates and Hewlett Foundations: são organizações (entidades), não o tipo de elemento que “ones” retoma aqui; também não há proximidade textual que justifique essa retomada.
E — an initial $20 million round of money: “round of money” é singular e abstrato; ones é plural e refere-se a cursos, logo essa opção não concorda nem semanticamente nem gramaticalmente.
Estratégia prática para resolver questões assim: leia imediatamente antes do pronome, localize o substantivo mais próximo que seja plural e compatível em sentido; verifique se é pessoa, objeto, processo etc.; confirme concordância (one vs. ones) e sentido da frase.
Fonte rápida: Cambridge Dictionary — “one, ones” (pronoun); princípios básicos de referência anafórica em gramáticas de inglês.
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