Sobre o uso da tecnologia no processo educacional e de acordo com o quarto parágrafo do artigo, pode-se afirmar que:
In Higher Education, a Focus on Technology
By STEVE LOHR
The education gap facing the nation’s work force is evident in the numbers. Most new jobs will require more than a high school education, yet fewer than half of Americans under 30 have a (2) postsecondary degree of any kind. Recent state budget cuts, education experts agree, promise to make closing that gap even more difcult. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and four nonproft education organizations are beginning an ambitious initiative to address that challenge by accelerating the development and use of online learning tools. An initial $20 million round of money, from the Gates Foundation, will be for postsecondary online courses, particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people. Another round of grants, for high school programs, is scheduled for next year.
Just how efective technology can be in improving education - by making students more efective, more engaged learners - is a subject of debate. To date, education research shows that good teachers matter a lot, class size may be less important than once thought and nothing improves student performance as much as one-on-one human tutoring. If technology is well designed, experts say, it can help tailor the learning experience to individual students, facilitate student- teacher collaboration, and assist teachers in monitoring student performance each day and in quickly fne-tuning lessons. The potential benefts of technology are greater as students become older, more independent learners. Making that point, Mr. Gates said in an interview that for children from kindergarten to about ffth grade “the idea that you stick them in front of a computer is (3) ludicrous.”
(1)
higher education: educação superior.
(2)
postsecondary: termo que se refere aos cursos feitos após o high school ou, no modelo educacional brasileiro, o Ensino Médio.
(3)
ludicrous: ridícula, absurda.
By STEVE LOHR
The education gap facing the nation’s work force is evident in the numbers. Most new jobs will require more than a high school education, yet fewer than half of Americans under 30 have a (2) postsecondary degree of any kind. Recent state budget cuts, education experts agree, promise to make closing that gap even more difcult. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and four nonproft education organizations are beginning an ambitious initiative to address that challenge by accelerating the development and use of online learning tools. An initial $20 million round of money, from the Gates Foundation, will be for postsecondary online courses, particularly ones tailored for community colleges and low-income young people. Another round of grants, for high school programs, is scheduled for next year.
Just how efective technology can be in improving education - by making students more efective, more engaged learners - is a subject of debate. To date, education research shows that good teachers matter a lot, class size may be less important than once thought and nothing improves student performance as much as one-on-one human tutoring. If technology is well designed, experts say, it can help tailor the learning experience to individual students, facilitate student- teacher collaboration, and assist teachers in monitoring student performance each day and in quickly fne-tuning lessons. The potential benefts of technology are greater as students become older, more independent learners. Making that point, Mr. Gates said in an interview that for children from kindergarten to about ffth grade “the idea that you stick them in front of a computer is (3) ludicrous.”
(1)
higher education: educação superior.
(2)
postsecondary: termo que se refere aos cursos feitos após o high school ou, no modelo educacional brasileiro, o Ensino Médio.
(3)
ludicrous: ridícula, absurda.
Gabarito comentado
Resposta: alternativa D
Tema central: interpretação de um trecho que discute o papel da tecnologia na educação — se ela já é comprovadamente eficaz ou ainda alvo de debate entre especialistas. Para resolver a questão, é preciso localizar no texto palavras-chave que indiquem opinião geral, evidências científicas e condições (por ex., “a subject of debate”, “if technology is well designed”).
Resumo teórico e estratégia de leitura: em questões de reading comprehension, procure por:
- Marcadores de opinião ou dúvida (ex.: «is a subject of debate», «to date»).
- Afirmações condicionais (ex.: «If technology is well designed...»), que limitam generalizações.
- Contrastes entre evidência empírica e expectativas (ex.: “good teachers matter a lot” vs. potencial da tecnologia).
Fontes/apoio: A ideia de que o ensino individualizado é muito eficaz aparece em estudos clássicos (por ex., Bloom, 1984, "The 2 Sigma Problem"). Relatórios de órgãos como OECD e UNESCO discutem o potencial e os limites da tecnologia na educação, ressaltando a necessidade de boa implementação.
Justificativa da alternativa correta (D): o quarto parágrafo inicia dizendo que “Just how effective technology can be... is a subject of debate.” Ou seja, o autor afirma expressamente que a efetividade da tecnologia é discutida. Além disso, o texto apresenta evidências mistas: pesquisas mostram que bons professores e tutoria humana têm grande impacto, enquanto a tecnologia pode ajudar se estiver bem desenhada — reforçando que não há consenso.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
- A — Incorreta. O texto diz o contrário: “good teachers matter a lot”; a interação humana continua importante.
- B — Incorreta. O trecho não afirma que a atuação dos bons professores seja prejudicada pela tecnologia; fala em potencial de auxílio e em condição (“if well designed”), não de prejuízo.
- C — Incorreta. O texto menciona bolsas/grants para cursos online voltados a community colleges e jovens de baixa renda, o que contraria a ideia de que são indicados somente para quem tem melhores condições financeiras.
- E — Incorreta. O texto enfatiza que nada substitui a tutoria humana individualizada e que tecnologia só ajuda quando bem projetada — não há afirmação de substituição de professores.
Dica final: em provas, desconfie de alternativas absolutas e verifique conectores (if, to date, may, can) — eles mudam completamente o sentido. Leia a frase-chave do parágrafo para achar a resposta rápida.
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