In agreement with the text, the word output in the sentence:
“Today, it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining
output”, last paragraph, infers the idea of:
High-risk areas downhill from mining dams in Brazil More than 100,000 Brazilians live downhill from mining
dams built like the one in Brumadinho that collapsed last month,
our estimates found.
Brazil counts 87 mining dams built using the same method,
known as upstream tailings construction, as the one that
collapsed. That design is risky if not monitored carefully, and
experts have warned that a collapse could happen again in a
country where neither the mining industry nor regulators have
the situation under control. We looked at each of the 87 upstream dams to estimate if it
could threaten populated areas, using geospatial analysis to
estimate where the mud could flow if each of the dams failed.
For at least 27 of those dams, more than 1,000 people live in
high-risk areas. That means they are downhill from the dam and
within eight kilometers — the distance the mud flowed after the
Brumadinho collapse.
All of those dams were rated by the government at the
same risk level, or worse, as the dam that failed in Brumadinho.
“I wouldn’t buy a home downstream of a tailings dam built
in an upstream fashion,” said William F. Marcuson III, a former
president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. “And I
wouldn’t allow my mother to rent or live in a home downstream
of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion.” Minas Gerais, a state whose name means “general mines”,
has been the hub of Brazil’s mining industry for centuries. Today,
it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output.
Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/14/world/americas/brumadinho-brazildam-collapse.html?smid=pl-share
Gabarito comentado
Gabarito: B
Tema central: vocabulário em contexto — compreender o sentido preciso de uma palavra-chave no texto. Aqui, a palavra output refere‑se ao resultado mensurável da atividade de mineração.
Resumo teórico: algumas palavras só fazem sentido completo pelo contexto. Procure por verbos e quantificadores próximos: em “produces 53 percent…”, o verbo produce e a expressão “53 percent” indicam uma medida de produção/quantidade. Dicionários respeitados definem output como “the amount produced” (Cambridge Dictionary; Merriam‑Webster).
Justificativa da alternativa correta (B): A alternativa B — “the quantity or amount of something produced” — coincide exatamente com a acepção usada no inglês econômico/industrial. No trecho, “produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output” significa que o estado gera 53% da quantidade total produzida pela atividade mineradora do país.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
- A (“the fact or condition of being extinguished”): refere‑se a apagar/extinguir — sentido de fogo ou fim — não tem relação com “produce 53%”, logo incorreta.
- C (“the act of disappearing”): “disappearing” indica sumiço; não combina com “produce” nem com percentuais, portanto errada.
- D (“the condition of being vanished”): forma gramatical estranha e idem aos itens A/C — trata de desaparecimento, não de quantidade produzida.
Dica prática para concursos: sempre leia palavras-chave em seu contexto imediato (verbos e números próximos). Collocations como “produce + output” e indicadores quantitativos (“percent”, “amount”, “total”) apontam para o sentido de “quantidade produzida”. Quando em dúvida, confirme com um dicionário confiável (ex.: Cambridge Dictionary — “output: the amount produced”).
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