Leia o segundo parágrafo, em que se responde à pergunta
“Why is Latin America so deadly?”. De acordo com o mesmo
parágrafo, a resposta é:
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Dying to defend the planet: why Latin America
is the deadliest place for environmentalists
February 11, 2017
Defending nature is a dangerous occupation, especially
in Latin America. According to a recent report by Global
Witness, an NGO, 185 environmental activists were murdered
worldwide in 2015, an increase of 59% from the year before.
More than half the killings were in Latin America. In Brazil
50 green campaigners died in 2015. Honduras is especially
dangerous: 123 activists have died there since 2010, the
highest number of any country relative to its population.
Berta Cáceres, an indigenous leader who was a prominent
campaigner against dams and plantations, was murdered
there.
Why is Latin America so deadly? One reason is its abundant
natural resources, which attract enterprises of all sorts, from
multinationals to mafias. When prices are low, as they are
now, the most rapacious do not go away; to maintain their
profits they become more aggressive, says David Kaimowitz
of the Ford Foundation, which gives money to good causes.
New technologies open up new battlefronts. Soya beans bred
to grow in tropical conditions have encouraged farmers to
displace cattle ranchers, who in turn have advanced into the
rainforest. Small prospectors can now extract gold from soil
rather than just hunting around. That opens up new areas for
exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in south-eastern
Guatemala, where activists have been murdered.
The odds of finding the criminals are greater if the victim
is foreign. Dorothy Stang, an American nun who fought to
protect the Amazon rainforest, was killed in Brazil 12 years
ago. Both the gunman and a rancher who had hired him
eventually went to jail. But that is an exception.
(https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/02/11/
why-latin-america-is-the-deadliest-place-for-environmentalists. Adaptado)
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Dying to defend the planet: why Latin America
is the deadliest place for environmentalists
February 11, 2017
Defending nature is a dangerous occupation, especially in Latin America. According to a recent report by Global Witness, an NGO, 185 environmental activists were murdered worldwide in 2015, an increase of 59% from the year before. More than half the killings were in Latin America. In Brazil 50 green campaigners died in 2015. Honduras is especially dangerous: 123 activists have died there since 2010, the highest number of any country relative to its population. Berta Cáceres, an indigenous leader who was a prominent campaigner against dams and plantations, was murdered there.
Why is Latin America so deadly? One reason is its abundant natural resources, which attract enterprises of all sorts, from multinationals to mafias. When prices are low, as they are now, the most rapacious do not go away; to maintain their profits they become more aggressive, says David Kaimowitz of the Ford Foundation, which gives money to good causes. New technologies open up new battlefronts. Soya beans bred to grow in tropical conditions have encouraged farmers to displace cattle ranchers, who in turn have advanced into the rainforest. Small prospectors can now extract gold from soil rather than just hunting around. That opens up new areas for exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in south-eastern Guatemala, where activists have been murdered.
The odds of finding the criminals are greater if the victim is foreign. Dorothy Stang, an American nun who fought to protect the Amazon rainforest, was killed in Brazil 12 years ago. Both the gunman and a rancher who had hired him eventually went to jail. But that is an exception.
(https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/02/11/
why-latin-america-is-the-deadliest-place-for-environmentalists. Adaptado)
Gabarito comentado
A questão nos pergunta “Why is Latin America so deadly?" (Por que a América Latina é tão mortal?) e nos indica que a resposta se encontra no 2o parágrafo. Vejamos, então, o trecho em questão:
Why is Latin America so deadly? One reason is its abundant natural resources, which attract enterprises of all sorts, from multinationals to mafias. When prices are low, as they are now, the most rapacious do not go away; to maintain their profits they become more aggressive, says David Kaimowitz of the Ford Foundation, which gives money to good causes. New technologies open up new battlefronts. Soya beans bred to grow in tropical conditions have encouraged farmers to displace cattle ranchers, who in turn have advanced into the rainforest. Small prospectors can now extract gold from soil rather than just hunting around. That opens up new areas for exploitation, such as San Rafael de Flores in south-eastern Guatemala, where activists have been murdered.
Tradução -
Por que a América Latina é tão mortal? Um dos motivos são seus abundantes recursos naturais, que atraem empresas de todos os tipos, desde multinacionais até máfias. Quando os preços estão baixos, como estão agora, os mais vorazes não vão embora; para manter seus lucros, eles se tornam mais agressivos, diz David Kaimowitz, da Fundação Ford, que doa dinheiro para boas causas. Novas tecnologias abrem novas frentes de batalha. A soja cultivada para crescer em condições tropicais encorajou os agricultores a deslocar os criadores de gado, que por sua vez avançaram para a floresta tropical. Agora, pequenos garimpeiros podem extrair ouro do solo, em vez de apenas caçar. Isso abre novas áreas para exploração, como San Rafael de Flores, no sudeste da Guatemala, onde ativistas foram assassinados.
Analisando as alternativas teremos:
A) Incorreto - devido ao estabelecimento de empresas multinacionais como a Ford Foundation.
Essa empresa doa dinheiro para boas causas.
B) Correto - devido à grande quantidade de recursos naturais.
Veja trecho em negrito na tradução acima.
C) Incorreto - devido ao compartilhamento de terras entre agricultores de soja e pecuaristas.
Fato não mencionado no parágrafo.
D) Incorreto - devido ao desmatamento causado pela agricultura da soja.
Fato não mencionado no parágrafo.
E) Incorreto - devido aos caçadores em conflito com pequenos garimpeiros de ouro.
Os pequenos garimpeiros apenas caçavam. Agora podem extrair ouro do solo, em vez de apenas caçar.
Gabarito do Professor: Letra B.
