From the above text, one can infer that
From the above text, one can infer that
Born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy, Leonardo da Vinci was the son of a prominent attorney notary and a young peasant girl.
Born out of wedlock, he was raised by his father, Ser Piero, and several stepmothers.
His early years were spent living on his father’s family estate in Vinci. Beyond basic reading, writing and mathematical skills, da
Vinci did not receive much of a formal education. Recognizing his potential as an artist, his father sent him at the age of 14 or 15 to
apprentice with sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio of Florence.
He spent six years honing his technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting, and
became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke by the age of 20. He remained with Verrocchio until he became an independent master
in 1478. Around that time, he took on his first commissioned work, The Adoration of the Magi, for Florence’s San Donato, a Scopeto
monastery, but departed for Milan the following year, leaving the painting unfinished. It has been in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence since
1670.
Leonardo was, and is, renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied
portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's The
Creation of Adam. Leonardo's drawing of The Vitruvian Man, based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry
described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, is also regarded as a cultural icon, being reproduced on items as varied as the
euro coin, textbooks, and T-shirts.
Leonardo is also revered for his technological ingenuity. In the early 1490s, he began chronicling his thoughts about painting,
architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. These notebooks contained wide-ranging ideas, including plans for a “flying machine,”
bicycle and drawings of a fetus in the womb and the human skeleton.
His interests and intellect traversed so many disciplines that he symbolized the term “Renaissance Man”. Unfortunately, these
notebooks were not published and his ideas did not advance scientific understanding in the Renaissance period.
Today, Leonardo is widely recognized as one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived.
(Adapted form: http://www.livescience.com/39355-leonardo-da-vinci.html)
Born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy, Leonardo da Vinci was the son of a prominent attorney notary and a young peasant girl. Born out of wedlock, he was raised by his father, Ser Piero, and several stepmothers.
His early years were spent living on his father’s family estate in Vinci. Beyond basic reading, writing and mathematical skills, da Vinci did not receive much of a formal education. Recognizing his potential as an artist, his father sent him at the age of 14 or 15 to apprentice with sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio of Florence.
He spent six years honing his technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting, and became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke by the age of 20. He remained with Verrocchio until he became an independent master in 1478. Around that time, he took on his first commissioned work, The Adoration of the Magi, for Florence’s San Donato, a Scopeto monastery, but departed for Milan the following year, leaving the painting unfinished. It has been in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence since 1670.
Leonardo was, and is, renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam. Leonardo's drawing of The Vitruvian Man, based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, is also regarded as a cultural icon, being reproduced on items as varied as the euro coin, textbooks, and T-shirts.
Leonardo is also revered for his technological ingenuity. In the early 1490s, he began chronicling his thoughts about painting, architecture, mechanics and human anatomy. These notebooks contained wide-ranging ideas, including plans for a “flying machine,” bicycle and drawings of a fetus in the womb and the human skeleton.
His interests and intellect traversed so many disciplines that he symbolized the term “Renaissance Man”. Unfortunately, these notebooks were not published and his ideas did not advance scientific understanding in the Renaissance period.
Today, Leonardo is widely recognized as one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived.
(Adapted form: http://www.livescience.com/39355-leonardo-da-vinci.html)
Gabarito comentado
Resposta correta: Alternativa A
Tema central: interpretação por inferência — distinguir informação explicitamente apresentada no texto de suposições não suportadas pelos dados fornecidos.
Resumo teórico: inferir significa tirar conclusões lógicas a partir do que está explicitamente dito. Fonte útil: Cambridge Dictionary (definição de “inference”) e práticas de leitura crítica (Grellet, F., Developing Reading Skills).
Justificativa da alternativa A: o texto afirma que Leonardo “was raised by his father, Ser Piero, and several stepmothers.” A expressão several stepmothers indica que o pai casou-se mais de uma vez. Logo, é inferência direta e correta concluir que o pai de Leonardo casou-se várias vezes — por isso A é a resposta certa.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
B — afirma influência artística da mãe. O texto apenas diz que ele nasceu fora do casamento e foi criado pelo pai e por várias madrastas; não há informação sobre participação ou influência da mãe. É especulação, não inferência.
C — relaciona desenvolvimento artístico à falta de habilidade em escrita e matemática. O texto diz que ele não recebeu muita educação formal além do básico e que o pai reconheceu seu potencial artístico, enviando-o a um aprendiz. Não há evidência de que sua arte decorreu de incapacidade em outras áreas — erro de causalidade.
D — minimiza o papel de Verrocchio. Pelo contrário, o texto relata seis anos de aprendizagem com Verrocchio e que ele permaneceu até tornar-se mestre — isso mostra papel significativo, não irrelevante.
E — declara que Leonardo inventou o avião. O texto menciona planos/ideias para uma “flying machine” nos seus cadernos, mas ressalta que essas ideias não foram publicadas nem avançaram a ciência na época. Dizer que ele “inventou o avião” é uma extrapolação imprecisa.
Estratégia prática para provas: procure palavras-chave que suportem literalmente a inferência; evite suposições causais; elimine alternativas que extrapolam além do texto.
Fonte do texto-base: livescience.com (adaptado).
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