The 1951 convention seeks to legally protect
Leia
o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With
Legal Implications
In
the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children
crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the
United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are
they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these
answers, let’s read the interview.
Q. Does it matter what you call them?
A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are
sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between
the two.
Q. Who is a refugee?
A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his
or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.
Q. What does the distinction mean for European
countries?
A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the
1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees
can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes
temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives
would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in
international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to
situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee
agency said in a statement on Thursday.
Q. Who is a migrant?
A. Anyone moving from one country to another is
considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or
persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and
merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who
have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants
fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the
desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal
islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.
Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?
A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive
without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951
convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to
refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.
Disponível
em:
<https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>. Acesso
em: 15 set. 2015.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With Legal Implications
In the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these answers, let’s read the interview.
Q. Does it matter what you call them?
A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between the two.
Q. Who is a refugee?
A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.
Q. What does the distinction mean for European countries?
A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the 1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee agency said in a statement on Thursday.
Q. Who is a migrant?
A. Anyone moving from one country to another is considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.
Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?
A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951 convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.
Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2015.
Gabarito comentado
Tema central: O foco da questão é a diferença entre migrante e refugiado e a proteção legal concedida pela Convenção de 1951 aos refugiados.
O texto apresenta a definição legal de refugiado: uma pessoa que fugiu de seu país por medo de perseguição, guerra ou ameaça à vida ou liberdade e pode provar essa condição. Já o migrante é aquele que muda de país por motivos diversos que não envolvem necessariamente perseguição ou perigo iminente, como busca de oportunidades ou reunião familiar.
A Convenção de 1951 e acordos internacionais determinam que refugiados têm direito a proteções especiais, incluindo o princípio do non-refoulement: não podem ser devolvidos para locais onde suas vidas estejam sob ameaça. Migrantes, por outro lado, não recebem automaticamente essa proteção e podem ser deportados.
Justificativa da alternativa correta – C:
A alternativa C) refugiados que solicitam asilo político em um novo país devido a situações ameaçadoras está correta, pois expressa exatamente o espírito da Convenção: proteger legalmente pessoas que fogem de perseguição, guerra ou ameaças severas e que buscam asilo político em outro país. O critério é a existência de ameaça real e a solicitação formal de proteção.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A) Errada. A Convenção de 1951 não protege todos os migrantes ou refugiados independentemente de documentos; é necessário comprovar a condição de refugiado.
B) Errada. Migrantes fugindo de pobreza não se enquadram na definição protegida legalmente; só casos de ameaça direta.
D) Errada. A Convenção protege quem busca asilo frente à ameaça, não a expulsão sofrida; a ênfase está na busca por proteção, não naqueles já expulsos.
Estratégias de leitura: Atenção a termos-chave (“protection under the 1951 convention”, “refugees”, “asylum”) e a detalhes sobre os critérios. Evite confundir migrante com refugiado, pois as proteções legais são diferentes, como ensinam autores como Beatriz Fagundes (Inglês para Concursos) e Gladys Garcia Fernandes (Gramática Prática da Língua Inglesa), reforçando a importância da atenção ao vocabulário técnico internacional.
Resumo: A alternativa C reflete a proteção específica prevista na Convenção: refugiados em situação de ameaça real ao buscar asilo.
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