It is true to say that
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive
force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or
job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic —
it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a
prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless
you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You
might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a
presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether
caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an
earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger
impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional
stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks,
arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a
normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more
dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for
both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to
concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But
chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for
example, about half the participants saw improvements in
chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking
negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also
cause disease, either because of changes in your body or
the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to
cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as
depression and low levels of social support, have also been
implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're
sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis
of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients
with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by
chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic — it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for example, about half the participants saw improvements in chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also cause disease, either because of changes in your body or the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as depression and low levels of social support, have also been implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão: Interpretação de texto sobre os efeitos do estresse na saúde. O texto destaca como diferentes intensidades de estresse impactam física e emocionalmente as pessoas, ressaltando diferenças entre “minor stress” (estresse menor) e “major stress” (estresse maior).
Conceitos essenciais: O candidato deve identificar palavras-chave e compreender as relações de causa e efeito indicadas no texto, principalmente os termos “minor stress”, “minute impacts” e os efeitos progressivos do estresse de curta e longa duração.
Justificativa da alternativa correta (A): “a minor stress may cause minute impacts.”
A palavra “minute” significa “muito pequeno”, de acordo com o Cambridge Dictionary. O texto afirma que mesmo um estresse leve pode gerar efeitos pequenos, como dores de estômago antes de uma apresentação (“Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact”). Logo, estresses menores produzem impactos mínimos, alinhando-se perfeitamente com a alternativa A.
Estratégia de resolução: Leia cuidadosamente o trecho do texto que trata do efeito de cada tipo de estresse. Identifique o tom e a graduação do impacto descrito. Evite cair em generalizações e sempre traduza termos-chave, como minute (minúsculo) e minor (menor).
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
- (B) “a major stress will cause petty damage.” – “Petty” significa insignificante, mas o texto afirma que estresse maior pode provocar dano severo (ataques cardíacos, arritmias), tornando a opção errada.
- (C) “a minor stress might cause a huge harm.” – O texto evidencia que impactos de estresse leve são pequenos, não grandes. Portanto, alternativa incompatível com o conteúdo.
- (D) “both major and minor stress have the same weight.” – O texto faz contraste explícito entre os tipos de estresse e seus efeitos; afirmar que têm o mesmo peso é falso.
- (E) “neither kind of stress affects people strongly.” – O texto deixa claro que o estresse maior pode causar efeitos drásticos, tornando essa opção incorreta.
Pegadinhas e dicas: Atenção à tradução de adjetivos como “minute” (não “minuto” e sim “mínimo”), e cuidado com palavras que minimizam efeitos quando o texto os trata como graves. Palavras generalizadoras como “the same weight” e absolutismos (“neither kind… strongly”) geralmente escondem armadilhas.
Resumo: A alternativa correta é A porque condiz diretamente com o texto ao afirmar que estresses menores provocam impactos pequenos. As demais distorcem o grau dos efeitos apresentado pelo autor.
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