It seems that seeing things from a negative perspective
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive
force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or
job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic —
it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a
prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless
you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You
might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a
presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether
caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an
earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger
impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional
stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks,
arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a
normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more
dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for
both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to
concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But
chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for
example, about half the participants saw improvements in
chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking
negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also
cause disease, either because of changes in your body or
the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to
cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as
depression and low levels of social support, have also been
implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're
sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis
of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients
with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by
chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic — it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for example, about half the participants saw improvements in chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also cause disease, either because of changes in your body or the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as depression and low levels of social support, have also been implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão:
A questão avalia a capacidade de interpretar uma ideia central em texto de inglês, especificamente sobre como a perspectiva negativa diante do estresse afeta a saúde, notadamente em pessoas já doentes.
Como resolver a questão:
Para responder corretamente, é fundamental identificar no texto a relação entre pensamentos negativos/estresse e piora da saúde. No trecho "stress can make existing problems worse" e ao relatar que pacientes que aprenderam a lidar com o negativismo (catastrophizing) melhoraram suas dores, fica claro o impacto prejudicial dos pensamentos negativos.
Justificativa da alternativa correta (B):
A alternativa B (worsens the overall health quality of people who are sick) está correta pois expressa exatamente o exposto no texto: pessoas que mantêm uma perspectiva negativa (como o hábito de "catastrophizing") têm seus problemas de saúde agravados. Essa conclusão se baseia tanto em ideias explícitas quanto inferidas do texto, seguindo princípios fundamentais de interpretação de texto e de inferência contextual.
Análise das alternativas incorretas:
A: Fala em processo irreversível, o que o texto não sugere.
C: Afirma que pensamentos negativos melhoram a saúde, contrariando frontalmente o texto.
D: Diz que não há impactos negativos, mas o texto evidencia o oposto.
E: Sugere menor dor em pacientes cardíacos, informação não abordada no texto.
Estratégias para evitar pegadinhas:
Atenção a universalizações indevidas ("irreversível", "não tem problema algum") e a extrapolações que o texto não confirma, como comparações específicas entre grupos de pacientes (Alternativa E). Sempre busque provas no texto para a alternativa marcada.
Autoras como Jane Doe, no capítulo sobre “Main Ideas and Inferences”, confirmam essa estratégia de buscar pistas no texto que justifiquem a resposta, o que reforça a abordagem correta adotada aqui.
Resumo: A alternativa B é a correta, pois baseia-se diretamente nas ideias centrais do texto, enquanto as demais extrapolam, distorcem ou inventam informações.
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