When a person gets sick, stress
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive
force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or
job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic —
it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a
prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless
you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You
might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a
presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether
caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an
earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger
impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional
stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks,
arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a
normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more
dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for
both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to
concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But
chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for
example, about half the participants saw improvements in
chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking
negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also
cause disease, either because of changes in your body or
the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to
cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as
depression and low levels of social support, have also been
implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're
sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis
of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients
with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by
chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.
Read the text below and answer following four
questions according to it.
How stress affects your health
Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic — it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless you take action.
Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger impact.
Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias and even sudden death.
When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.
Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for example, about half the participants saw improvements in chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also cause disease, either because of changes in your body or the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as depression and low levels of social support, have also been implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.
Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>
Gabarito comentado
Tema central da questão:
A questão exige a interpretação de um texto em inglês sobre o impacto do estresse na saúde, especialmente durante o período de recuperação de uma doença. O objetivo é identificar como o estresse influencia esse processo, analisando as informações explícitas e implícitas do texto.
Explicação teórica e relação com o texto:
Para responder corretamente, utilizamos três habilidades essenciais:
- Identificação da ideia principal: O texto destaca que o estresse crônico pode causar efeitos negativos ao corpo e dificultar até mesmo a recuperação de doenças.
- Leitura de detalhes específicos: Observa-se que pacientes sob estresse crônico (“Type D” personalities) apresentam maiores riscos de desfechos ruins.
- Inferência contextual: Embora o texto não diga diretamente que o estresse “dificulta” a recuperação, ele afirma que o estresse pode tornar mais difícil a recuperação de doenças, por meio de exemplos práticos e estudos citados.
Análise das alternativas:
- A) implies lower risks for one’s recovery.
Errada. O texto afirma justamente o contrário: o estresse aumenta os riscos durante a recuperação, e não os diminui. - B) will make it less painful to recover.
Errada. Não há nada no texto que indique que o estresse diminui a dor nesse processo. - C) should ease the process of recovery.
Errada. Segundo o texto, estresse não facilita, mas sim dificulta a recuperação. - D) will make recovery more difficult.
Correta. O texto diz claramente que o estresse pode atrapalhar e dificultar o processo de recuperação. - E) has little interference in recovery.
Errada. O texto ressalta que o impacto do estresse é significativo, e não pequeno.
Dicas para resolver questões desse tipo:
- Procure por termos relacionados à causa e consequência (“can make it harder”, “risks”, “outcomes”).
- Cuidado com alternativas que generalizam ou apresentam informações contrárias ao texto-base.
- Atente-se a exemplos do texto que comprovam a ideia principal.
Conclusão: A alternativa D) está correta pois traduz fielmente a ideia central do texto: o estresse dificulta a recuperação. Treine essas estratégias para aumentar sua segurança em provas!
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